Washers under Big End Nuts

[Bob Culver]

Ordinary spring washers come in two forms; with and without a burred end. Tha latter seriously alter torque and the bolt is loaded  eccentrically. I doubt if the other type contribute much. If the cap faces abut soundly, threads do not run out, not soft low grade nuts, no dirt, heads seat securely, no lock required. Very many old bolts are waisted , presumably due lazy mechanics tightening to the next slot. Adjusting the faces can be tedious and all have to be kept in order..